The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert on Earth, stretching over 9 million square kilometers across North Africa. It is a vast and extreme landscape of rolling dunes, rocky plateaus, and scattered oases.
Characteristics
Spanning across 11 countries in North Africa, including Egypt, Algeria, and Sudan, the Sahara is known for its extreme dryness, with temperatures often exceeding 50°C (122°F) during the day and dropping drastically at night. Despite its harsh climate, the desert is not just endless sand—only about 25% consists of dunes, while the rest is made up of rocky plateaus, gravel plains, and salt flats. The sparse flora includes hardy shrubs and date palms in oases, while the desert is home to resilient creatures such as fennec foxes, camels, and desert vipers.
Importance
The Sahara has played a crucial role in human history, serving as a key route for ancient trade networks where merchants transported gold, salt, and spices across Africa. It is also home to archaeological treasures, from prehistoric rock art to pyramids and ancient settlements. The desert's impact extends beyond its borders, as dust storms from the Sahara influence weather patterns worldwide. Today, the region presents vast potential for renewable energy, with large-scale solar power projects being explored in its sun-drenched expanse.
Is the Sahara only made of sand?
No, only about 25% is sand dunes; the rest includes rocky terrain and gravel plains.
It can drop to below freezing (0°C / 32°F) due to lack of humidity.
Yes, nomadic tribes like the Tuareg and Berbers have adapted to desert life for centuries.
No, thousands of years ago, it was a green savanna with lakes and rivers.
Extreme heat, dehydration, and navigating vast, featureless landscapes without GPS.
