Environmental Impact Assessment
Definition
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a legal and scientific process for evaluating the potential environmental effects of a proposed project. GIS enhances EIA by providing spatial analysis of land use, habitats, water resources, and socio-economic conditions.
Application
Developers conduct EIAs before mining, dam, or infrastructure projects. GIS identifies sensitive zones, models noise or pollution spread, and visualizes impact scenarios. Maps support public consultations and decision-making. GIS integrates baseline data, predictive models, and mitigation plans.
FAQ
Why use GIS in EIA?
It visualizes potential impacts, supports risk analysis, and improves transparency.
What are key EIA components?
Baseline conditions, impact prediction, mitigation measures, monitoring plans.
Who requires EIAs?
Governments, investors, environmental regulators, project developers.
What tools support EIA mapping?
ArcGIS, QGIS, remote sensing platforms, and hydrological or pollution models.