Vector Data
Definition
Vector data represent geographic features as points, lines, and polygons with attached attributes. Vectors support precise geometry, topology, and rich attribution, making them ideal for parcels, roads, buildings, and administrative areas. Common formats include GeoPackage, GeoJSON, and shapefiles; spatial databases add indexing and SQL functions for analysis.
Application
Cartography, analysis (overlay, buffering), routing, and geocoding all rely on vector representations. Vectors integrate smoothly with tables and business systems, enabling joins, validation, and workflows.
FAQ
When are vectors preferable to rasters?
When boundaries are sharp, features are discrete, or attribute queries and topology matter—parcels, pipes, and zoning are classic examples.
How can precision and accuracy be confused in vectors?
Many decimal places may not reflect true survey accuracy; store appropriate precision and document expected error to prevent misuse.
What practices keep vector datasets healthy over time?
Enforce topology, normalize attributes, track lineage, and use version control for edits; avoid duplicate geometries and slivers.
How do mixed-scale vectors degrade performance and quality?
Combining fine and coarse geometries in one layer causes inconsistent appearance and heavy files; generalize for small-scale use and keep detailed versions separate.