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Land Parcels

Definition

Land parcels are legally defined units of land ownership or administration, delineated by cadastral surveys, deeds, plats, or registry records. In GIS, parcels are polygons with attributes like parcel ID, owner (subject to privacy law), area, land-use code, assessed value, and encumbrances (easements, rights-of-way). Parcel geometry can be authoritative or approximated; the former aligns with survey control and monuments, the latter comes from digitized maps and may be only indicative. Parcel datasets often evolve over decades across jurisdictions with inconsistent standards, so metadata, versioning, and crosswalks are essential for reliable analysis. Parcels sit at the intersection of law, finance, and planning: boundaries determine taxation, zoning compliance, development rights, and community services.

Application

Local governments maintain parcels for assessment and permitting. Planners assess redevelopment potential by intersecting parcels with zoning, flood risk, and transit access. Utilities manage service accounts by parcel. Researchers examine land fragmentation and speculation patterns. Real-estate portals use parcels to anchor listings and valuation models, while conservation buyers identify priority acquisitions.

FAQ

Why do parcel maps sometimes not match fences or building footprints?

Because legal boundaries are defined by surveyed bearings and distances, not physical features that can move. Always consult deeds and surveys for legal certainty.

How are privacy concerns handled?

Publish minimal necessary owner information, follow local law, and consider opt-outs where safety is at risk. Focus on parcel characteristics rather than personal details.

What’s the role of subdivision history?

Chain-of-title and plat history explain easements, setbacks, and constraints. Including lineage attributes helps resolve disputes and informs redevelopment potential.

Can parcels be used for equitable planning?

Yes. Combine parcels with housing condition, tax delinquency, and code violations to target reinvestment while safeguarding against displacement through anti‑eviction measures.